![]() They would need to “balance all possible outcomes when making a decision,” scientists explained, adding that the number of potential states – ten to the power of 535 – is also “off the chart” compared with chess, Go, and poker. As a result the AI methods that worked well on such games, like AlphaZero – relying heavily on search – are not easily transferable to Stratego,” Dr Tuyls, one of the authors of the study from DeepMind, explained. “In Stratego, players cannot directly observe the identity of the opponent’s pieces, unlike in well known board games like Chess or Go. It is particularly challenging for AI to master, say researchers, including Karl Tuyls from Google’s DeepMind, since the game involves making decisions based on imperfect information and the potential to bluff. ![]() Stratego is a turn-based game of bluff and tactics that involves information gathering and subtle maneuvering, in which any gain by one player is a loss of the same magnitude for their opponent. However, Stratego posed a challenge to AI since it is more complex and relies on imperfect information – one where players cannot directly observe the identities of their opponent’s pieces. Previous studies have shown that AI can train itself to learn games like chess and Go from scratch, and even master them and win over human opponents. ![]() ![]() Google’s artificial intelligence bot “DeepNash” has learned to play Stratego – one of the few board games AI had not mastered – and has reached an all-time top-three ranking among human experts. ![]()
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